Above-ground Biomass and Fuel Value Index of Selected Tree Species for Fuelwood Production in Ethiopia | ||
| Renewable Energy Research and Applications | ||
| دوره 3، شماره 2، مهر 2022، صفحه 143-153 اصل مقاله (831.12 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22044/rera.2022.11769.1110 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| G. Jebeso Morketo* 1؛ M. Fekadu2؛ T. Dajene3 | ||
| 1Forest Products Innovation Research and Training Center. | ||
| 2Centeral Ethiopia Environment and Forest Research Center, Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. | ||
| 3Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present study investigated appropriate tree species for biomass energy utilization by determining trees' dry biomass and fuel value index, taking into account that developing countries rely heavily on fuelwood for energy consumption. In Ethiopia, biomass currently meets more than 89.5% of total energy consumption. Despite this reliance on biomass, there is a scarcity of fuelwood as well as data on dry biomass potential and fuel value indices of tree species utilized in various parts of the country. This study was done on the selection of trees for fuelwood purposes based on their dry biomass potential and fuel quality characteristics. Five highly performed Eucalyptus tree species were selected and aboveground biomass was measured using the destructive approach, whereas the fuel value index was computed using the effective method with four parameters (Calorific Value, Wood density, Ash content and Moisture content). These parameters were determined following the American Society for Testing and Materials method. Finally, aboveground biomass and carbon content varied from 13.96kg to 87.47kg and 6.03kg to 37.86 kg Tree-1, respectively. The biomass and carbon content of E. globulus and E. viminalis were both high. The maximum fuel value index was 276.34 for E. saligna. The computed fuel characteristics were statistically varied among tree species at (P ≤0.0001). Based on the tree fuel characteristics findings, E. globulus, E. viminalis, and E. saligna were identified as the best fuelwood species and were suggested for future plantations. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Ash Content؛ Calorific Value؛ Carbon Content؛ Moisture content؛ Wood Density | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Akbar Alidadi Shamsabadi, M. Jahangiri, Abdolreza Koohi Faegh, and Afshin Raeisi Dehkordi, “Biogas production in a dairy cow unit to provide a sustainable solution for reducing the environmental pollutions and pathogens,” 2016.
[2] World Energy council, “World Energy council. (2016) World Energy Resources Bioenergy 2016. https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/WEResources_Bioenergy_2016.pdf.” 2016.
[3] A. Rahimi Ariae, M. Jahangiri, M. Haghgo Fakhr, and A. Alidadi Shamsabadi, “Simulation of biogas utilization effect on the economic efficiency and greenhouse gas emission: a case study in Isfahan, Iran,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 149, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.14710/ijred.8.2.149-160.
[4] B. P. Bhatt, S. K. Sarangi, and L. C. De, “Fuelwood Characteristics of some Firewood Trees and Shrubs of Eastern Himalaya, India,” Energy Sources Part Recovery Util. Environ. Eff., Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 469–474, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1080/15567030802612408.
[5] J. E. M. Arnold, G. Köhlin, and R. Persson, “Woodfuels, livelihoods, and policy interventions: Changing Perspectives,” World Dev., Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 596–611, Mar. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.08.008.
[6] T. Bahru, B. Kidane, and A. Tolessa, “Prioritization and selection of high fuelwood producing plant species at Boset District, Central Ethiopia: an ethnobotanical approach,” J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine, Vol. 17, No. 1, p. 51, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s13002-021-00474-9.
[7] Reza Alayi, Hossein Monfared, and Mehdi Jahangiri, “Optimal location of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste for biomass power plants,” 2020.
[8] FAO, “The global outlook for future wood supplies from forest plantations, By C. Brown, FAO, Working Paper GFPOS/WP/03, FAO, Rome, Italy, pp, 129.” FAO, 2000.
[9] Z. Mekonnen, “Consumption, preference, and access of biomass fuels at Ziway town, Ethiopia,” Energy Sources Part Recovery Util. Environ. Eff., pp. 1–9, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2020.1844823.
[10] T. B. Yifru, B. Kidane, and A. Tolessa, “Prioritization and Selection of High Biomass Energy Producing Plant Species at Boset District, Central Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical Approach ,” In Review, preprint, Mar. 2021. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-332588/v1.
[11] N. E. Benti et al., “The current status, challenges and prospects of using biomass energy in Ethiopia,” Biotechnol. Biofuels, Vol. 14, No. 1, p. 209, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1186/s13068-021-02060-3.
[12] UNEP, “Review of Woodfuel Biomass Production and Utilization in Africa, A Desk StudyUnited, pp 16 Nations Environment Programme PO Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.” 2019.
[13] Ethiopian Forestry Action Program, “The fuelwood demand and supply projection and analysis made by the Ethiopian Forestry Action Program.” 1996.
[14] L. A. German, B. Kidane, and K. Mekonnen, Watershed management to counter farming systems decline: toward a demand-driven, systems-oriented research agenda. London: ODI, 2005.
[15] D. Jenbere, M. Lemenih, and H. Kassa, “Expansion of Eucalypt Farm Forestry and Its Determinants in Arsi Negelle District, South Central Ethiopia,” Small-Scale For., Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 389–405, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1007/s11842-011-9191-x.
[16] M. Kindu, GLATZEL, G, TADESSE, Y., and YOSEF, A, “Tree species screened on Nitosols of Central Ethiopia: biomass production, nutrient contents and effect on soil nitrogen.,” 2006.
[17] Z. Mekonnen, H. Kassa, M. Lemenh, and B. Campbell, “THE ROLE AND MANAGEMENT OF EUCALYPTUS IN LODE HETOSA DISTRICT, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA,” For. Trees Livelihoods, vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 309–323, Jan. 2007, doi: 10.1080/14728028.2007.9752606.
[18] S. B. Chavan, D. S. Chauhan, A. Keerthika, A. R. Uthappa, A. Jha, and R. Newaj, “Fuelwood characteristics of selected tree species from Bundelkhand region of Central India,” p. 10, 2016.
[19] Yujia Tang, Anping Chen, and Shuqing Zhao, “Carbon Storage and Sequestration of Urban Street Trees in Beijing, China,” 2016.
[20] J. Chave et al., “Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests,” p. 13, 2005.
[21] T. Dejenea, Berhane Kidane, and Mihret Semerea, “Comparative growth performance of fast-growing tree species for woodfuel production in highland area of Ethiopia,” p. 9, 2018.
[22] IPCC, “Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC). Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories.” 2006.
[23] J. C. et al Jenkins, Chojnacky D, Heath L.S, and Birdsey R.A, “National scale biomass estimators for United States tree species,” p. 24, 2003.
[24] Chojnacky D.C and Jenkins J, “Literature Synthesis and Meta-analysis of Tree and Shrub Biomass Equations in North America. Final Report: JFSP Project Number 07-3-1-05. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: 23.” 2010.
[25] Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas, and De Porter M, “100_of_the_World’s_Worst_Invasive_Alien_Species_A_Selection_From_the_Global_Invasive_Species_Database_IUCN, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273442666_,” 2000.
[26] X. Zhang and S. Kondragunta, “Estimating forest biomass in the USA using generalized allometric models and MODIS land products,” Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 33, No. 9, p. L09402, 2006, doi: 10.1029/2006GL025879.
[27] P. D. Miles and W. Brad. Smith, “Specific gravity and other properties of wood and bark for 156 tree species found in North America,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, NRS-RN-38, 2009. doi: 10.2737/NRS-RN-38.
[28] M. Henry et al., “Estimating tree biomass of sub-Saharan African forests: a review of available allometric equations. Silva Fenn Monogr 45:477–569,” 2011.
[29] D. C. Bragg, “Modeling loblolly pine aboveground live biomass in a mature pine-hardwood stand: a cautionary tale. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 65: 31–38,” 2011.
[30] S. Aich, D. Behera, B. K. Nandi, and S. Bhattacharya, “Relationship between proximate analysis parameters and combustion behaviour of high ash Indian coal,” Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 766–777, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40789-020-00312-5.
[31] M. Hasan, Y. Haseli, and E. Karadogan, “Correlations to Predict Elemental Compositions and Heating Value of Torrefied Biomass,” Energies, Vol. 11, No. 9, p. 2443, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.3390/en11092443.
[32] A. Özyuğuran and S. Yaman, “Prediction of Calorific Value of Biomass from Proximate Analysis,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 107, pp. 130–136, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.149.
[33] A. I. Lawal, A. E. Aladejare, M. Onifade, S. Bada, and M. A. Idris, “Predictions of elemental composition of coal and biomass from their proximate analyses using ANFIS, ANN and MLR,” Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol., Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 124–140, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40789-020-00346-9.
[34] Purohit and Nautiyal, “Fuelwood Value Index of Indian mountain tree species,” 1987.
[35] “ASTM D3175-18 Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke; ASTMInternational: West Conshohocken, PA, USA.” 2018.
[36] “ASTM D3174-12 Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal; ASTMInternational: West Conshohocken, PA, USA.” 2012.
[37] “ASTM D5865-13 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA.” 2013.
[38] “(ASTM D2395-17) Standard Test Method for density in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal; ASTMInternational: West Conshohocken, PA, USA.” 2017.
[39] D07 Committee, “Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials,” ASTM International, 2017. doi: 10.1520/D2395-17.
[40] K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez, “Statistical Procedures For Agricultural Research,” 1995.
[41] W. A. Mugasha, E. W. Mauya, A. M. Njana, K. Karlsson, R. E. Malimbwi, and S. Ernest, “Height-Diameter Allometry for Tree Species in Tanzania Mainland,” Int. J. For. Res., Vol. 2019, pp. 1–17, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/4832849.
[42] C. Delgado-Matas and T. Pukkala, “Comparison of the Growth of Six Eucalyptus Species in Angola,” Int. J. For. Res., Vol. 2011, pp. 1–9, 2011, doi: 10.1155/2011/980259.
[43] M. Zewdie, M. Olsson, and T. Verwijst, “Above-ground biomass production and allometric relations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. coppice plantations along a chronosequence in the central highlands of Ethiopia,” Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 421–428, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.08.007.
[44] M. A. Tesfaye, O. Gardi, T. B. Anbessa, and J. Blaser, “Aboveground biomass, growth and yield for some selected introduced tree species, namely Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus saligna, and Pinus patula in Central Highlands of Ethiopia,” J. Ecol. Environ., Vol. 44, No. 1, p. 3, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s41610-019-0146-z.
[45] M. A. Tesfaye, O. Gardi, T. B. Anbessa, and J. Blaser, “Aboveground biomass, growth and yield for some selected introduced tree species, namely Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus saligna, and Pinus patula in Central Highlands of Ethiopia,” J. Ecol. Environ., Vol. 44, No. 1, p. 3, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s41610-019-0146-z.
[46] M. Viera and R. Rodríguez-Soalleiro, “A Complete Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Above and Belowground Biomass Components of a Hybrid Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern Brazil,” Forests, Vol. 10, No. 7, p. 536, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.3390/f10070536.
[47] S. Ojelel, T. Otiti, and S. Mugisha, “Fuel value indices of selected woodfuel species used in Masindi and Nebbi districts of Uganda,” Energy Sustain. Soc., Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 14, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13705-015-0043-y.
[48] H. M. Desta and C. S. Ambaye, “Determination of Energy Properties of Fuelwood from Five Selected Tree Species in Tropical Highlands of Southeast Ethiopia,” J. Energy, Vol. 2020, pp. 1–7, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/3635094.
[49] M. Wassenberg, H.-S. Chiu, W. Guo, and H. Spiecker, “Analysis of wood density profiles of tree stems: incorporating vertical variations to optimize wood sampling strategies for density and biomass estimations,” Trees, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 551–561, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1007/s00468-014-1134-7.
[50] S. Svob, J. P. Arroyo-Mora, and M. Kalacska, “A wood density and aboveground biomass variability assessment using pre-felling inventory data in Costa Rica,” Carbon Balance Manag., Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 9, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1186/s13021-014-0009-y.
[51] A. Zziwa, J. R. S. Kaboggoza, J. A. Mwakali, A. Y. Banana, and R. K. Kyeyune, “Physical and mechanical properties of some less utilised tropical timber tree species growing in Uganda,” Uganda J. Agric. Sci., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 29–37, 2006.
[52] S. Pérez, C. J. Renedo, A. Ortiz, M. Mañana, D. Silió, and J. Peredo, “Comparison of energy potential of the eucalyptus globulus and the eucalyptus nitens,” Renew. Energy Power Qual. J., Vol. 1, No. 04, pp. 196–200, Apr. 2006, doi: 10.24084/repqj04.285.
[53] H. M. Desta and C. S. Ambaye, “Determination of Energy Properties of Fuelwood from Five Selected Tree Species in Tropical Highlands of Southeast Ethiopia,” J. Energy, Vol. 2020, pp. 1–7, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/3635094.
[54] S. B. Chavan, D. S. Chauhan, A. Keerthika, A. R. Uthappa, A. Jha, and R. Newaj, “Fuelwood characteristics of selected tree species from Bundelkhand region of Central India,” p. 10, 2016.
[55] M. Lemenih and T. Bekele, “Effect of age on calorific value and some mechanical properties of three Eucalyptus species grown in Ethiopia,” Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 223–232, Sep. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.01.006.
[56] M. Ngangyo-Heya, R. Foroughbahchk-Pournavab, A. Carrillo-Parra, J. Rutiaga-Quiñones, V. Zelinski, and L. Pintor-Ibarra, “Calorific Value and Chemical Composition of Five Semi-Arid Mexican Tree Species,” Forests, Vol. 7, No. 12, p. 58, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.3390/f7030058.
[57] S. Nabi, K. N. Qaisar, S. Ahmad Rather, P. A. Khan, and B. Nabi, “Fuelwood Characteristics of Some Important Tree Species in Prevalent Agroforestry Systems of District Budgam, Kashmir Valley,” Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 3801–3806, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.445.
[58] J. I. Nirmal Kumar, K. Patel, R. N. Kumar, and R. K. Bhoi, “An evaluation of fuelwood properties of some Aravally mountain tree and shrub species of Western India,” Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 411–414, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.051.
[59] A. M. Dadile and O. A. Sotannde, “Evaluation of Indigenous Knowledge and Fuel Value Index of Some Selected Sudano-Sahelian Fuelwood Species in Damaturu, Yobe State of Nigeria,” J. Energy Res. Rev., pp. 30–38, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.9734/jenrr/2020/v4i130117.
[60] M. I. Marquez-Reynoso, N. Ramírez-Marcial, S. Cortina-Villar, and S. Ochoa-Gaona, “Purpose, preferences and fuel value index of trees used for firewood in El Ocote Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico,” Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 100, pp. 1–9, May 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.03.006.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,057 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 587 |
||