Combination of Monte Carlo Simulation and Bishop Technique for the Slope Stability Analysis of the Gol-E-Gohar Iron Open Pit Mine | ||
| Journal of Mining and Environment | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 16، شماره 2، خرداد 2025، صفحه 613-632 اصل مقاله (19.61 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22044/jme.2024.14470.2718 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Rezaei* 1؛ Seyed Zanyar Seyed Mousavi1؛ Kamran Esmaeili2 | ||
| 1Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran | ||
| 2Lassonde Institute of Mining, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study introduces a novel approach, known as Hybrid Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis (HPSSA), tailored for Mine 4 of the Gol-E-Gohar iron complex in Iran. The mine walls are first divided into 8 separate structural zones, including A-A' to H-H' sections for slope stability analysis. Then, sufficient core specimens are prepared from 22 drilled boreholes and the required parameters for slope design, including cohesion (c), friction angle (φ), and unit weight (γ), are measured. Finally, the HPSSA approach is performed through the combination of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), Mohr-Coulomb criterion and Bishop's technique. According to the HPSSA results, the normal distribution function is achieved as the best curve fit for c, φ and γ parameters. Also, the obtained values of mean probabilistic safety factor (SF) for defined structural zones vary from 0.93 to 1.86, with the probability of failure (PF) of 0 to 75.6%. Moreover, SF values varied from 0.68 to 1.22 (mean value of 0.93) with a PF of 75% for the A-A' section and from 0.65 to 1.24 (mean value of 0.97) with a PF of 60% for the H-H' section. Hence, it is concluded that the A-A' section and mine’s north wall are more prone to instability with PF>60%. On the other hand, SF>1.2 and PF<5% for other mine walls (sections B-B'-G-G') prove that they are highly unlikely to be unstable. Displacement monitoring of the pit walls using installed prisms confirmed that average displacements in structural zones have a similar trend with SF values of the HPSSA. The results show a good agreement between the trend of probabilistic SFs and monitored slope displacements. Lastly, comparative analysis confirmed the validity of the suggested HPSSA approach with relatively higher accuracy than most previous slope stability analysis methods. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Gol-E-Gohar iron mine؛ Slope stability؛ Probabilistic analysis؛ Monte Carlo simulation؛ Displacement monitoring | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. Akcil, A., & Koldas, S. (2006). Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): causes, treatment and case studies. Journal of cleaner production, 14(12–13), 1139–1145.
[2]. Ataei, M., & Bodaghabadi, S. (2008). Comprehensively analysis of slope stability and determination of stable slopes in Chador-malu iron mine using numerical and limit equilibrium methods. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 18(4), 488–493.
[3]. Goshtasbi, K., Ataei, M., & Kalatehjary, R. (2008). Slope modification of open pit wall using a genetic algorithm—case study: southern wall of the 6th Golbini Jajarm bauxite mine. Journal of the south African institute of mining and metallurgy (SAIMM), 108, 651–656.
[4]. Daftaribesheli, A., Ataei, M., & Sereshki, F. (2011). Assessment of rock slope stability using the Fuzzy Slope Mass Rating (FSMR) system. Applied Soft Computing 11(8), 4465–4473.
[5]. Samieinejad, M.M., Hosseini, N., & Ahangari, K. (2017). A field investigation of application of digital terrestrial photogrammetry to characterize geometric properties of discontinuities in open-pit slopes. Journal of Mining and Environment, 8(3), 455–465.
[6]. Zebarjadi Dana, H., Khaloo Kakaie, R., Rafiee R., & Yarahmadi Bafghi, A.R. (2018). Effects of geometrical and geomechanical properties on slope stability of open-pit mines using 2D and 3D finite difference methods. Journal of Mining & Environment, 9(4), 941–957.
[7]. Obregon, C., & Mitri, H. (2019). Probabilistic approach for open pit bench slope stability analysis – A mine case study. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29(4), 629–640.
[8]. Kumar, A., Sharma, R.K., & Mehta, B.S. (2020). Slope stability analysis and mitigation measures for selected landslide sites along NH-205 in Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Earth System Science, 129(1), 135.
[9]. Shang, Y., Nguyen, H., Bui, X.N., Tran, Q.H., & Moayedi, H. (2020). A novel artificial intelligence approach to predict blast-induced ground vibration in open-pit mines based on the firefly algorithm and artificial neural network. Natural Resources Research, 29(2), 723-737.
[10]. Rezaei, M., & Seyed Mousavi, S.Z. (2024). Slope stability analysis of an open pit mine with considering the weathering agent: Field, laboratory and numerical studies. Engineering Geololgy, 333, 107503.
[11]. Niromand, M., Mikaeil, R., Advay, M., & Zare Naghadehi, M. (2024). Evaluation of the Slope Stability under Geological Conditions Using Multi-Factorial Fuzzy Classification System. Journal of Mining and Environment, 15(3), 1029–1049.
[12]. Mondal, S., Gwynn, D., Ray, A., & Basak, A. (2020). Investigation of melt pool geometry control in additive manufacturing using hybrid modeling. Metals, 10(5), 683.
[13]. Khorasani, E., Amini, M., & Hossaini, M.F. (2019). Effect of large blocks position on stability analysis of block-in-matrix slopes. Journal of Mining and Environment, 10(2), 465–477.
[14]. Sarfaraz, H., Khosravi, M.H., & Amini, M. (2019). Numerical analysis of slide-head-toppling failure. Journal of Mining and Environment, 10(4), 1001–1011.
[15]. Shafiei Ganjeh, R., Memarian, H., Khosravi, M.H., & Mojarab, M. (2019). A comparison between effects of earthquake and blasting on stability of mine slopes: a case study of Chadormalu open-pit mine. Journal of mining and Environment, 10(1), 223–240.
[16]. Shah, K.S., Mohd Hashim, M.H., Ariffin, K.S., & Nordin, N.F. (2020). A Preliminary Assessment of Rock Slope Stability in Tropical Climates: A Case Study at Lafarge Quarry, Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(3), 661–673.
[17]. Sarfaraz, H. (2020). Stability analysis of block-flexural toppling of rock blocks with round edges. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(4), 1217–1229.
[18]. Sarfaraz, H., & Amini, M. (2020). Numerical modeling of rock slopes with a potential of block-flexural toppling failure. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(1), 247–259.
[19]. Adil, M., Raza, S., & Amin, I. (2021). Rock Fall Hazard Assessment using GeoRock 2D along Swat Motorway, Pakistan. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(2), 351–365.
[20]. Bowa, V.M., Samiselo, W., Manda, E., Lei, Y., Zhou, W., Shane, A., & Chinyanta, S. (2021). Wedge Failure Analysis of the Slope Subjected to Uplift Forces by Analytical Method at Chingola Open Pits F & D. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(4), 941–952.
[21]. Hussain, S., Rehman, Z.U., Khan, N.M., Ahmad, I., Raza, S., Tahir, M., & Sherin, S. (2021). Proposing a Viable Stabilization Method for Slope in a Weak Rock Mass Environment using Numerical Modelling: a Case Study from Cut Slopes. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(4), 929–940.
[22]. Sarfaraz, H., Khosravi, M.H., & Pipatpongsa, T. (2021). Numerical Stability Analysis of Undercut Slopes Evaluated by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Mining and Environment, 12(1), 31–43.
[23]. Sarfaraz, H., Bahrami, A.R., & Samani, R. (2022). Numerical modelling of slide-head-toppling failure using FEM and DEM methods. Journal of Mining and Environment, 13(1), 269–280.
[24]. Singh, S.P., & Roy, A.K. (2022). Slope Stability Analysis and Preventive Actions for a Landslide Location along NH-05 in Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of mining and Environment, 13(3), 667–678.
[25]. Rezaei, S., Rafiee, R., Ataei, M., & Javadi, M. (2023). Sustainability Analysis of Waste Dump in Mine No. 4 of Golgohar, Sirjan, for Purpose of Increasing Waste Dump Volume. Journal of Mining and Environment, 14(4), 1373–1391.
[26]. Rezaei, M. (2023). Monitoring the geotechnical stability of quarry rubble mines of the Kurdistan province. Iranian Journal of Engineering Geology, 16(2), 1–18.
[27]. Sahoo, A.K., Tripathy, D.P., & Jayanthu, S. (2024). Application of machine learning techniques in slope stability analysis: A comprehensive overview. Journal of Mining and Environment, 15(3), 907–921.
[28]. Khan, I., Afayou, A., Abbas, N., Khan, A., Alam, N., & Shah, K.S. (2024). Enhanced Geotechnical Methods for Evaluating Slope Stability in Unconsolidated Strata: A Comprehensive Analysis. Journal of Mining and Environment, 15(3), 991–1010.
[29]. Janbu, N. (1954). Application of composite slip surfaces for stability analysis. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Stability of Earth Slopes, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 43–49.
[30]. Bishop, A.W. (1955). The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes. Géotechnique, 5(1), 7–17.
[31]. Spencer, E. (1967). A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel inter-slice forces. Géotechnique, 17(1), 11–26.
[32]. Nilsen, B. (2017). Rock slope stability analysis according to Eurocode 7, discussion of some dilemmas with particular focus on limit equilibrium analysis. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76(4), 1229–1236.
[33]. Schlotfeldt, P., Elmo, D., & Panton, B. (2018). Overhanging rock slope by design: An integrated approach using rock mass strength characterisation, large-scale numerical modelling and limit equilibrium methods. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(1), 72–90.
[34]. Alikhani, A., Taheri Moghadder, M., & Mohammadi, H. (2020). Investigation of Bishop’s and Janbu’s Models Capabilities on Slope Stability Problems with Special Consideration to Open-Pit Mining Operations. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(1), 161–170.
[35]. Wang, Y., Cao, Z., & Au, S.K. (2010). Efficient Monte Carlo Simulation of parameter sensitivity in probabilistic slope stability analysis. Computers and Geotechnics, 37(7–8), 1015–1022.
[36]. Nelson, E.P., Connors, K.A., & Caludio Suárez, S. (2007). GIS-based slope stability analysis, Chuquicamata open pit Copper Mine, Chile. Natural Resources Journal, 16(2), 171–190.
[37]. Ardestani, A., Amini, M., & Esmaeili, K. (2021). A two-dimensional limit equilibrium computer code for analysis of complex toppling slope failures. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 13(1), 114–130.
[38]. Liu, T., Ding, L., Meng, F., Li, X., & Zheng, Y. (2021). Stability analysis of anti-dip bedding rock slopes using a limit equilibrium model combined with bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method. Computers and Geotechnics, 134(4), 104116.
[39]. Maiti, A., & Chakravarty, D. (2022). Probabilistic assessment of slope stability using photogrammetric 3D reconstruction: a novel approach. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81(3), 103.
[40]. Jiang, S.H., Li, D.Q., Cao, Z.J., Zhou, C.B., & Phoon, K.K. (2015). Efficient System Reliability Analysis of Slope Stability in Spatially Variable Soils Using Monte Carlo Simulation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(2), 04014096.
[41]. Fattahi, H., Babanouri, N., & Varmaziyari, Z. (2018). A Monte Carlo simulation technique for assessment of earthquake-induced displacement of slopes. Journal of Mining and Environment, 9(4), 959–966.
[42]. Turanboy, A., Ülker, E., & Küçüksütçü, C.B. (2020). A New Stability Approach Using Probabilistic Profile along Direction of Excavation. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(1), 1–20.
[43] MEMSECO. (2021). Engineering report of Golgohar 4 mine.
[44]. ISRM. (1981). Rock characterization testing and monitoring. In: Brown ET (ed) ISRM suggested methods. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
[45]. Rezaei, M., & Koureh Davoodi, P. (2021). Determining the relationship between shear wave velocity and physicomechanical properties of rocks. International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering, 55(1), 65–72.
[46]. Rezaei, M. (2021). Feasibility of novel techniques to predict the elastic modulus of rocks based on the laboratory data. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 14(1), 25–34.
[47]. Seyed Mousavi, S.Z., & Rezaei, M. (2022). Correlation assessment between degradation ratios of UCS and non-destructive properties of rock under freezing-thawing cycles. Geoderma, 428, 116209.
[48]. Seyed Mousavi, S.Z., & Rezaei, M. (2023). Assessing the long-term durability and degradation of rocks under freezing-thawing cycles. Geomechanics and Engineering, 34(1), 51–67.
[49]. Basahel, H., & Mitri, H. (2019). Probabilistic assessment of rock slopes stability using the response surface approach – A case study. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 29, 357–370.
[50]. Asmare, D., & Hailemariam, T. (2021). ssessment of rock slope stability using slope stability probability classification (SSPC) system, around AlemKetema, North Shoa, Ethiopia. Scientific African, 12, e00730.
[51]. Ismail, A., Safuan, A.R.A., Sa’ari, R., Rasib, A.W., Mustaffar, M., Abdullah, R.A., Kassim, A., Yusof, N.M., Rahaman, N.A., & Kalatehjari, R. (2022). Application of combined terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry method in high rock slope stability analysis: A case study. Measurement, 195, 111161.
[52]. Jaiswal, A., Verma, A.K., & Singh, T.N. (2024). Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 16(1), 167e182.
[53]. Melentijević, S., Berisavljević, Z., Berisavljević, D., & Marañón, C.O. (2024). Rock slope stability analysis under Hoek–Brown failure criterion with different flow rules. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83, 181. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 486 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 335 |
||