Optimization of Resource Extraction with Slope Stability: Sustainable Deepening Practices in Open-Pit Iron Ore Mining | ||
| Journal of Mining and Environment | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 17، شماره 2، خرداد و تیر 2026، صفحه 391-408 اصل مقاله (5.61 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22044/jme.2025.15232.2914 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Naresh Kumar Katariya* 1؛ Bhanwar Singh Choudhary2 | ||
| 1Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, India | ||
| 2Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, India. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Slope stability and bench safety in iron ore open-pit mines in western India are comprehensively analysed in this research. To evaluate current mining conditions and identify areas at risk, the study integrates comprehensive field observations, laboratory testing, and advanced slope stability modelling using Slide 6.0 software. Factors of safety (FOS) of various mining sections varied from 0.475 to 1.495, as per limit equilibrium analysis with Slide 6.0. This signifies the presence of possibly unstable slopes that require certain stabilisation measures to ensure operational safety. The research considers how significant environmental factors, like temperature, wind speed, rainfall, and soil moisture, influence slope stability in addition to the geotechnical analysis. Rainfall and soil moisture were found to have a high and statistically significant positive correlation (Pearson correlation = 0.706, p = 0.005), implying that an increase in rainfall results in increased soil moisture content, which in turn affects the behaviour of slopes. Also, a moderate degree of negative relationship between temperature and wind speed was revealed (partial correlation = -0.593, p = 0.042), meaning that smaller wind speeds are characteristically associated with increased temperatures. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of the environment in open-pit mine operations and the importance of considering environmental factors when assessing slope stability. The information collected in this study provides a solid foundation for developing valuable recommendations intended to enhance safety, better control slopes, and promote the long-term development of mining activities in the region. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Open-pit mine stability؛ Bench optimization؛ Slope stability analysis؛ Sustainable mining؛ Limit equilibrium analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] M. Hawley and J. Cunning, Guidelines for mine waste dump and stockpile design. CSIRO Publishing, 2017.
[2] V. Navarro Torres, R. Dockendorff, J. Girao Sotomayor, C. Castro, A. J. J. o. t. S. A. I. o. M. Silva, and Metallurgy, "Probability of failure and factor of safety in the design of interramp angles in a large open iron ore mine," Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 122, no. 7, pp. 363-376, 2022.
[3] S. Sengupta, A. Krishna, and I. J. J. o. E. S. S. Roy, "Slope failure susceptibility zonation using integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study over Jhingurdah open pit coal mine, Singrauli coalfield, India," Journal of Earth System Science, vol. 127, pp. 1-17, 2018.
[4] S. Akdağ, "Determination of optimum overall slope angle for an open pit iron mine," Middle East Technical University, 2015.
[5] T. G. Carter, L. J. Lorig, E. Eberhardt, and P. J. Graaf, "Approaches for Estimating Slope Breakback and Stability Longevity for Closure of Large Open Pits," in Rocscience International Conference (RIC 2023), 2023: Atlantis Press, pp. 505-521.
[6] C. A. O. Mitma, "Slope Stability Analysis of Open Pit Mines under Geomechanical Uncertainty," McGill University (Canada), 2020.
[7] G. Das, A. Burman, A. Bardhan, S. Kumar, S. S. Choudhary, and P. J. A. J. o. G. Samui, "Risk estimation of soil slope stability problems," Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 204, 2022.
[8] T. Assis, F. Cordeiro, L. J. I. R. o. L. Schiavon, and Economics, "How stock market reacts to environmental disasters and judicial decisions: A case study of Mariana’s dam collapse in Brazil," International Review of Law and Economics, vol. 73, p. 106105, 2023.
[9] A. Yildiz, F. Graf, C. Rickli, and S. M. J. C. Springman, "Determination of the shearing behaviour of root-permeated soils with a large-scale direct shear apparatus," Catena, vol. 166, pp. 98-113, 2018.
[10] J. M. Duncan, S. G. Wright, and T. L. Brandon, Soil strength and slope stability. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
[11] D. Balya, "Stability assessment of mine waste dump, case study: optima mines and minerals limited," 2023.
[12] S. K. Singh and D. J. A. o. M. S. Chakravarty, "Efficient and Reliable Prediction of Dump Slope Stability in Mines using Machine Learning: An in-depth Feature Importance Analysis," Archives of Mining Sciences, vol. 68, pp. 685-706-685-706, 2023.
[13] M. Koopialipoor, P. G. Asteris, A. S. Mohammed, D. E. Alexakis, A. Mamou, and D. J. J. T. G. Armaghani, "Introducing stacking machine learning approaches for the prediction of rock deformation," Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 34, p. 100756, 2022.
[14] O. Bazaluk, O. Anisimov, P. Saik, V. Lozynskyi, O. Akimov, and L. J. S. Hrytsenko, "Determining the safe distance for mining equipment operation when forming an internal dump in a deep open pit," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 5912, 2023.
[15] V. S. Bang et al., "The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam," Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 1711, 2024.
[16] N. Andronikidis et al., "Geophysical Research on an Open Pit Mine for Geotechnical Planning and Future Land Reclamation: A Case Study from NW Macedonia, Greece," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 19, p. 14476, 2023.
[17] P. C. Mishra, M. K. Mohanty, and M. J. I. J. o. B. E. Mall, "Exploration of attributes influencing productivity in opencast mines," International Journal of Business Excellence, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 2019.
[18] S. Nanda, S. Choudhury, and S. Patel, "Assessment of Structurally-Controlled Slope Failure in a Steeply Dipping Iron Ore Mine," in ISRM Congress, 2023: ISRM, pp. ISRM-15CONGRESS-2023-488.
[19] S. Wang, B. Cao, R. Bai, and G. Liu, "Dynamic optimization design of open-pit mine full-boundary slope considering uncertainty of rock mass strength," Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 19710, 2024/08/24 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70902-9.
[20] E. Alemayehu, E. T. Chala, N. Z. Jilo, T. Tiyasha, and B. Moges, "Optimizing design and stability of open pit slopes in Tolay coal mine, Ethiopia," (in eng), Sci Rep, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 1570, Jan 10 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86034-7.
[21] W. R. Abdellah, C. Hirohama, A. Sainoki, A. R. Towfeek, and M. A. M. Ali, "Estimating the Optimal Overall Slope Angle of Open-Pit Mines with Probabilistic Analysis," Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 4746, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4746.
[22] S. Wang, Z. Zhang, and C. Wang, "Prediction of stability coefficient of open-pit mine slope based on artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm," Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 12017, 2023/07/25 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38896-y.
[23] Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, and J. Ma, "Stability Analysis of a Steep Rock Slope in a Large Open-Pit Mine in a High-Intensity Area: A Case Study of the Yejiagou Boron Iron Mine," Geofluids, vol. 2022, pp. 1-14, 08/18 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/9113173.
[24] S. Li, Z. Zhao, B. Hu, T. Yin, G. Chen, and G. Chen, "Three-Dimensional Simulation Stability Analysis of Slopes from Underground to Open-Pit Mining," Minerals, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 402, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/402.
[25] K. Chand and R. Koner, "Internal mine dump slope stability and failure zone identification using 3D modelling," Journal of Mining and Environment, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1105-1119, 2023.
[26] K. Goshtasbi, M. Ataei, and R. Kalatehjary, "Slope modification of open pit wall using a genetic algorithm-case study: southern wall of the 6th Golbini jajarm bauxite mine," Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 108, no. 10, pp. 651-656, 2008.
[27] A. Daftaribesheli, M. Ataei, and F. Sereshki, "Assessment of rock slope stability using the Fuzzy Slope Mass Rating (FSMR) system," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4465-4473, 2011.
[28] S. Rezaei, R. Rafiee, M. Ataei, and M. Javadi, "Sustainability Analysis of Waste Dump in Mine No. 4 of Golgohar, Sirjan, for Purpose of Increasing Waste Dump Volume," Journal of Mining and Environment, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1373-1391, 2023.
[29] A. Azam et al., "Modeling resilient modulus of subgrade soils using LSSVM optimized with swarm intelligence algorithms," Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 14454, 2022.
[30] R. J. E. Azzam, "Shear Failure Criterion and Constant Volume Ring Shear Testing Method for Clayey Soil," Engineering, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 545-560, 2016.
[31] S. Epiga and S. Rupprecht, "Slope design considerations for shallow open pit mines: a case study at Mamatwan mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa," in ISRM AfriRock-Rock Mechanics for Africa, 2017: ISRM, pp. ISRM-AFRIROCK-2017-022.
[32] Y. Wang, T. Dong, H. Dong, and Y. J. S. Fang, "The Effect of a Moving Boundary on the Shear Strength of Granular Materials in a Direct Shear Test," Symmetry, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 1734, 2023.
[33] S. Mhaske, I. Kapoor, K. Pathak, and N. Kayet, "Slope stability analysis of the overburden dump of meghahatuburu iron ore mines in Singhbhum Region of India," in Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2019, 2020: Springer, pp. 3591-3605.
[34] A. Roshanfekr and D. J. J. o. H. E. Hansen, "Hydraulic behavior of progressively lengthened mine-waste dumps," Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 146, no. 10, p. 04020068, 2020.
[35] S. K. Haldar, Mineral exploration: principles and applications. Elsevier, 2018.
[36] J. Singh, A. K. Verma, and H. Banka, "Application of biogeography based optimization to locate critical slip surface in slope stability evaluation," in 2018 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), 2018: IEEE, pp. 1-5.
[37] J. Singh, H. Banka, and A. K. J. A. J. o. G. Verma, "Locating critical failure surface using meta-heuristic approaches: a comparative assessment," Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 12, pp. 1-20, 2019.
[38] S. J. R. F. d. G. Lacasse, "Charles Augustin de Coulomb, the artisan of modern geotechnical engineering," Revue Française de Géotechnique, no. 175, p. 9, 2023.
[39] H. ARAVINDA, THE EFFECT OF IRON ORE MINING ON ENVIRONMENT & IT’S REGULATION IN INDIA. Nitya Publications, 2022.
[40] A. Doderovic, S.-M. Doderovic, S. Stepanovic, M. Bankovic, and D. J. M. Stevanovic, "Hybrid Model for Optimisation of Waste Dump Design and Site Selection in Open Pit Mining," Minerals, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 1401, 2023.
[41] W. Pan et al., "Slope stability of increasing height and expanding capacity of south dumping site of Hesgoula coal mine: a case study," International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, vol. 8, pp. 427-440, 2021.
[42] S. D. Shome, S. Chakraborty, and S. J. J. o. T. I. o. E. S. D. Sinha, "Development of a Sustainable Development Framework for Mining Regions: A Case Study Approach," Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, pp. 1-14, 2023.
[43] V. N. Khatri, L. Nainegali, R. Sarkar, and S. K. J. C. S. Das, "Assessment of overburden dump and highwall slope stability for Jambad open cast coal mine, West Bengal, India, using in situ and laboratory testing," Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 184-193, 2022.
[44] R. Krishna, J. Mishra, S. Meher, S. K. Das, S. Mustakim, and S. K. J. M. t. p. Singh, "Industrial solid waste management through sustainable green technology: Case study insights from steel and mining industry in Keonjhar, India," Materials today: proceedings, vol. 33, pp. 5243-5249, 2020.
[45] W. R. Abdellah, C. Hirohama, A. Sainoki, A. R. Towfeek, and M. A. J. A. S. Ali, "Estimating the Optimal Overall Slope Angle of Open-Pit Mines with Probabilistic Analysis," Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 4746, 2022.
[46] N. Badakhshan, K. Shahriar, S. Afraei, and E. J. J. o. S. M. Bakhtavar, "Evaluating the impacts of the transition from open-pit to underground mining on sustainable development indexes," Journal of Sustainable Mining, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 154, 2023.
[47] C. Bayón et al., "Development and Evaluation of BenchBalance: A System for Benchmarking Balance Capabilities of Wearable Robots and Their Users," (in eng), Sensors (Basel), vol. 22, no. 1, Dec 24 2021, doi: 10.3390/s22010119.
[48] W. C. Chong, "Comparative slope analysis by methods of slices and finite element analysis," 2020.
[49] M. Hosseinpour, M. Osanloo, and Y. J. J. o. C. P. Azimi, "Evaluation of positive and negative impacts of mining on sustainable development by a semi-quantitative method," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 366, p. 132955, 2022.
[50] M. Heydari, M. Osanloo, and A. J. R. P. Başçetin, "Developing a new social impact assessment model for deep open-pit mines," Resources Policy, vol. 82, p. 103485, 2023. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 295 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 146 |
||